The Concept of God
How could people of different religions and different thinking co-exist in India? Yes, because of ‘religious tolerance’. Tolerance is firmly rooted in the Indian psyche. But how was this tolerance prevalent long ago in the Upanishadic and the Vedic period? Even before any constitution was adopted! It was because of the concept of GOD.
The concept of God in Upanishadic (and even earlier Vedic) thinking was quite different from the more common definition of god as creator and dispenser of reward and punishment. The Upanishadic concept of god was more abstract and philosophical.
This concept was presented as an exploratory theory and not a strict definition or an inviolable truth.
Different texts postulated the doctrine of a universal soul that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul and death simply caused individual manifestations of the soul to merge or mingle back with the universal soul. The concept of a universal soul was illustrated through analogies from natural phenomenon.
The Vedic Indians believed the idea of ‘Ekam Sat’ or the ‘Only True’ i.e. God is one and one alone. The universe had emanated from the ‘Ekam Sat’. Worship in any form would ultimately reach the ‘Ekam Sat’.
"The bees make honey by collecting the juices of distant trees, and reduce the juice into one form. These juices have no discrimination, so that they might say, I am the juice of this tree or that tree. In the same manner all living creatures, when they have become merged in the True, know not that they are merged in the True... "
All living creatures merge in the universal soul and are thus leveled by death.”